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Szebnie concentration camp
The Szebnie concentration camp () was established during World War II by Germany, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government in the south-eastern part of occupied Poland. It was located near the town of Szebnie approximately east of Jasło and south-west of Rzeszów.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) )〕 The facility was constructed in 1940 originally as horse stables for the Wehrmacht, adjacent to a manorial estate where the German officers stationed (photo). Over the course of the camp's operation thousands of people perished there, including Soviet prisoners of war, Polish Jews, non-Jewish Poles, Ukrainians, and Romani people. The charred remains of the camp were entered by the Soviets on
==Camp operation==
The camp covered an area of about 10 hectares with some 35 barracks eventually. First, it became a POW camp (''Kriegsgefangenenlager'') in late June 1941 for some 6,000 Red Army soldiers,〔 captured in the Soviet zone of occupied Poland after the implementation of Operation Barbarossa. The POWs built the first 20 barracks with three-level bunk-beds (not enough for all).〔 Most of them perished from disease and hunger with no heat in winter, and no laundry or bath; up to 200 a day.〔 The only person who helped the sick during typhus epidemic was a courageous young lady, Helena Gorayska, who paid for it with her own life in 1942 infected with typhus.〔 Some other locals also offered foodstuffs.〔
In the spring of 1943 the camp was reinstated as concentration camp (''Arbeitslager und Konzentrationslager''), for Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, and Gypsies.〔 The first new prisoners arrived in Holocaust trains from the Jewish ghettos liquidated across occupied Poland. By August, it held 1,040 people. By the fall of 1943 the number of prisoners reached 5,000 including Jews and non-Jews from Rzeszów, Tarnów, Bochnia,〔 Jasło, Frysztak, Dukla and Pustków.〔 The Jews had been appointed the camp's only Kapos compelled to maintain discipline and administer torture. Eventually, the camp held about 10,000 deportees,〔 men, women, and children. Some prisoners were employed at a tailor shop for the German military, but most worked at various earth works in the area; at the gravel pit, in the ''SS'' farm, at the oil refinery in Niegłowice, and at the ''Hitler's Bunker'' in Stępina. The camp was surrounded by barb-wire fences with six guard towers and search lights around the perimeter.
The camp commandants included ''Untersturmführer'' Anton Scheidt (inventor of prisoner "''crew train''" running 12-hour shifts round-the-clock), ''Hauptsturmführer'' Hans Kellermann (connoisseur of young camp-women, put in jail by the SS for stealing from the ''Reich''), and ''SS-Hauptsturmführer'' Karl Blank (as the last, for just two weeks).〔 Notably, stealing collected gold and money to be rich, was a common practice among concentration camp commandants; two of them, Koch and Florstedt both from Majdanek, were executed by the SS for the same reason in April 1945. Through the whole existence of the camp the commandants resided in the Gorayski manor, holding wild drinking parties for the ''SS'' several times a week (Scheidt) and trapping scores of attractive Jewish and non-Jewish "house maids" (Kellermann).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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